Textile Fiber and Classification
Textile Fiber
The word ―Textile‖ comes from Latin word textile, and the French word, texture. Which mean “pertaining to weaving of the woven fabrics, woven or capable of being woven; formed by weaving; that which may be woven; a woven fabric.” Hence the textiles are the materials that can be converted into yarn and fabrics of any nature or character. Technically they must be of spin able length. Then only one can be into span yarn. In a broad sense textiles is used for various types of matters- natural or man-made, forming basic elements of textile fabrics and other textile structure.
“Fiber” can be defined as ―one of the delicate, bare like portion of the tissues of a plant or animal.
Technologists have defined the term “textile fibers” as ―those fibers which can be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by interlacing or interloping in a verity of machines including weaving, knitting, breading, felting, bonding, etc.”
There are different types of fibers, but all of are not textile fibers. To become a textile fiber, it must have some fundamental properties and characteristics.
The characteristics of textile fiber are given below:
- It must have fibrous formation.
- It Length is thousand times longer than its diameter.
- It should have spun able ability.
- It should have sufficient strength and spinning ability.
- It should have contained elasticity and flexibility characteristics.
- It must be Fineness.
- It must have special color.
- It should have affinity to dye stuff.
Fiber
Fiber or fiber is classes of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to lengths of thread. They are very important in the biology of both plants and animals, for holding tissues together. Human uses for fibers are diverse. They can be spun into filaments, string or rope, used as a component of composite materials or matted into sheets to make products such as paper or felt. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. Synthetic fibers can be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to natural fibers, but natural fibers enjoy some benefits, such as comfort, over their man-made counterparts.
Types of Fiber:
Generally two types of Textile fiber.
1. Natural fiber.
2. Manmade fiber.
Natural fiber
Natural fibers include those produced by plants, animals, and geological processes. They are biodegradable over time. They can be classified according to their origin.
Man made fiber
Synthetic or man-made fibers generally come from synthetic materials such as petrochemicals. But some types of synthetic fibers are manufactured from natural cellulose; including rayon, modal, and the more recently developed Lyocell. Cellulose-based fibers are of two types, regenerated or pure cellulose such as from the cupro-ammonium process and modified or derivatized cellulose such as the cellulose acetates.
Generally two types of Textile fiber.
1. Natural fiber.
2. Manmade fiber.
Natural fiber
Natural fibers include those produced by plants, animals, and geological processes. They are biodegradable over time. They can be classified according to their origin.
Man made fiber
Synthetic or man-made fibers generally come from synthetic materials such as petrochemicals. But some types of synthetic fibers are manufactured from natural cellulose; including rayon, modal, and the more recently developed Lyocell. Cellulose-based fibers are of two types, regenerated or pure cellulose such as from the cupro-ammonium process and modified or derivatized cellulose such as the cellulose acetates.
Classification of Textile Fiber
Fiber
Summary
Introduction to Textile Fibers: provides necessary information for beginners. In many textile institutions, this book was widely referred by students and staff for teaching diploma and degree courses. In 1989, the book won the coveted "Best Technical Book in Textile" – Century Mills Award through Textile Association (India). This revised edition of the book offers new topics and updated statistical figures.
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