Clothing Materials

Garment Trims

All the garments materials expect fabric required to make readymade garments are known as trimming. And it is attached in garment with sewing. All types of trimmings are mainly used to furnishing garments.

Types of Trimmings:
There are two types of trimming .They are
Visible trimming &
Invisible trimming. Visible trims can be seen from outside of the garments. For example: interlining.
Uses of Trimming in Apparel Industry:
Trimming are used mainly two purposes such as-
Functional purpose: Example- Zipper, Button, Label etc.
Decoration purpose: Example- Lace, Braid, Motif etc.
Different Types of Garments Trimming:

1. Sewing thread
2. Button
3. Interlining
Fusible
Non- Fusible
4. Lining
5. Label
Main label
Care label
Size label
Price label
Flag label
Compositions label
6. Motif
7. Lace, Braid, Elastic
8. Rivet (Rivet is not used to open or close the opening the garments. It used for decorative and reinforcement purpose of garments)
9. Zipper
10. Hook & Loop fastening (VELCRD)
11. Shoulder pad
12. Metal Badge,
13. Twill Tape,
14. Velcro Tape (This item consists of two woven polyamide tapes one covered with very fine hooks and the other very fine loops)
There are many types of   trimming ….
Ø Button
Ø Zipper
Ø Sewing thread
Ø Interlining
Ø Hook
Ø Shoulder pad
Ø Label
Ø Lace
Ø Motif
Ø Lining
Ø Ribbon
Ø Tassel
Ø Ruffles or Frills
Ø Rick-rack
Ø Piping
Button
In modern clothing and fashion design, a button is a small fastener, most commonly made of plastic, but also frequently of seashell, which secures two pieces of fabric together. In archaeology, a button can be a significant artifact. In the applied arts and in craft, a button can be an example of folk art, studio craft, or even a miniature work of art.

Types of fabric buttons

Covered buttons are fabric-covered forms with a separate back piece that secures the fabric over the knob.

Mandarin buttons or Frogs are knobs made of intricately knotted strings. Mandarin buttons are a key element in Mandarin dress (Qi Pao and cheongsam in Chinese), where they are closed with loops. Pairs of mandarin buttons worn as cuff links are called silk knots.

Worked or cloth buttons are created by embroidering or crocheting tight stitches (usually with linen thread) over a knob or ring called a form.

Zipper
A zipper is a commonly used device for temporarily joining two edges of fabric. It is used in clothing (e.g., jackets and jeans), luggage and other bags, sporting goods, camping gear (e.g., tents and sleeping bags), and other daily use items.

Types of Zipper
·        Coil zipper
·        Invisible zipper
·        Metallic zipper
·        Plastic-molded zipper
·        Open-ended zipper
·        Closed-ended zipper

             Components of a zipper
·         1 - top tape extension
·         2 - top stop
·         3 - slider
·         4 - pull tab
·         5 - tape
·         6 - chain width
·         7 - bottom stop
·         8 - bottom tape extension
·         9 - single tape width
·         10 - insertion pin
·         11 - retainer box
·         12 - reinforcement film

Sewing Thread
100% cotton sewing thread is the traditional choice. Cotton is a natural thread that gives a soft, matte look.
Cotton thread is available in a wide range of weights, and is suitable for most sewing projects. 40wt and 50wt are the most common, but cotton threads range from 8wt to 100wt.
Cotton thread does not stretch a great deal, and will break if pulled too tightly. Cotton threads will fade with the sun, and shrink in the wash, so treat them as you would cotton fabrics.
Most cotton threads sold now are mercerized. This is a chemical and heat process that increases the luster of the thread. During the mercerizing process, fuzzy threads are burned off, creating a smoother surface. This smooth surface reflects light, increasing the luster of the thread. It also has the effect of increasing water absorbency, making the thread easier to dye.
Interlining
Interlining is a layer of fabric inserted between the face and the lining of a garment, drapery, or quilt. Interlining is similar to batting, a thick layer of fiber designed to provide insulation, loft, and body to quilts, pillow toppers, and heavy winter jackets. Depending on the application, interlining materials can be woven, knitted, or created by fusing fibers together. Silk, wool, and artificial fibers with good insulating qualities are common choices for interlining.

Hook
A hook-and-eye closure is a clothing fastener that consists of two parts, each sewn to their respective pieces of cloth, one with a small protruding blunt hook, and the other with a small loop (also known as the "eye" or "eyelet") protruding. To fasten the garment, the hook is slotted into the loop. Simply constructed of bent wire, hook-and-eye closures are typically used in groups to provide great strength to bear the forces involved in normal wear. For this reason, hooks and eyes are commonly available in the form of hook-and-eye tape, consisting of two tapes, one equipped with hooks and the other equipped with eyelets in such a way that the two tapes can be "zipped" together side-by-side. To construct the garment, sections of hook-and-eye tape are sewn into either side of the garment closure.

Shoulder pad
For a long time it is being used the shoulder pad to the make garments for men and women. Sometimes, it is used are a functional part of garments. Also sometimes it is used to increase the beauty of garments as a decorative part. Shoulder may be different in size, thickness, structure and quality. It may be made from different type of materials but shoulder pad made from foam is comparatively cheap and easy to clean.

Label
A label is a piece of paper, polymer, cloth, metal, or other material affixed to a container or article, on which is printed a legend, information concerning the product, addresses, etc. A label may also be printed directly on the container or article.
Label contains the following information
·        Size of garments
·        Types of fabric
·        Care instructions
·        Counting of origin
·        Company name
·        Trade name

There are two types of label

1.     Main label
2.     Sub label
    a. Care label
    b. Size label
    c. Price label
  d. Compositions label
Lace

A fine openwork fabric with a ground of mesh or net on which patterns may be worked of the same time as the ground is formed or applied twisting or knitting either by hand with a needle or bobbin, or by machinery various type and design of lace can be prepared by weaving or knitting fiber depending required design of garments.